Functions

cycle

The cycle function is used to loop over an array of values repeatedly.

Usage:

Here's how you can use the cycle function:

{% set start_year = date() | date('Y') %}
{% set end_year = start_year + 5 %}

{% for year in start_year..end_year %}
    {{ cycle(['odd', 'even'], loop.index0) }}
{% endfor %}

This will output:

odd
even
odd
even
odd
even

The array passed to cycle can contain any number of values:

{% set fruits = ['apple', 'orange', 'citrus'] %}

{% for i in 0..10 %}
    {{ cycle(fruits, i) }}
{% endfor %}

Which results in:

apple
orange
citrus
apple
orange
citrus
apple
orange
citrus
apple
orange

Arguments:

  • values: The list of values to cycle on.

  • position: The cycle position.

date

The date function allows conversion of an argument to a date, facilitating date comparisons.

Usage:

To compare dates:

{% if date(user.created_at) < date('-2days') %}
    {# do something #}
{% endif %}

The provided date argument should match one of the following date and time formats.

Supported Date and Time Formats

  • ISO 8601 Date: YYYY-MM-DD (e.g., "2021-05-25")

  • ISO 8601 DateTime: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS (e.g., "2021-05-25T15:30:45")

  • SQL DateTime: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS (e.g., "2021-05-25 15:30:45")

  • Common Log Format: DD/Month/YYYY:HH:MM:SS (e.g., "25/May/2021:15:30:45")

  • Time: HH:MM (e.g., "15:30"), HH:MM:SS (e.g., "15:30:45")

  • Relative Formats: now, +1 day, last Monday, first day of next month, 3 days ago, +2 weeks, last day of +1 month

  • Day of the week: Monday, Tue, etc.

  • Month names: January, Feb, etc.

  • Relative Keywords: yesterday, today, tomorrow,

  • Duration: P1D (1 day), PT2H (2 hours), Combined: P1DT2H (1 day and 2 hours)

  • Miscellaneous: @1234567890 (Unix Timestamp)

You can also specify a timezone as a secondary argument:

{% if date(user.created_at) < date('-2days', 'Europe/Paris') %}
    {# do something #}
{% endif %}

If no argument is given, the function will return the current date:

{% if date(user.created_at) < date() %}
    {# always! #}
{% endif %}

Arguments:

  • date: The date to be converted.

  • timezone: The timezone in which the date should be represented.

max

The max function provides the highest value from a sequence or a set of values.

Usage:

For separate numbers:

{{ max(1, 3, 2) }}

For arrays:

{{ max([1, 3, 2]) }}

When applied on a hashes, the max function disregards the keys, only comparing the values:

{{ max({2: "e", 1: "a", 3: "b", 5: "d", 4: "c"}) }}
{# returns "e" #}

min

The min function provides the smallest value from a sequence or a set of values.

Usage:

For individual numbers:

{{ min(1, 3, 2) }}

For arrays:

{{ min([1, 3, 2]) }}

When applied on hashes, the min function disregards the keys, only comparing the values:

{{ min({2: "e", 3: "a", 1: "b", 5: "d", 4: "c"}) }}
{# returns "a" #}

random

The random function generates a random value, which varies based on the provided argument's type:

  • A random item from a sequence.

    {{ random(['apple', 'orange', 'citrus']) }} {# example output: orange #}

  • A random character from a string.

    {{ random('ABC') }} {# example output: C #}

  • A random integer between 0 and the integer parameter (inclusive).

    {{ random() }} {# example output: 15386094 #}

  • A random integer between the integer parameter (when negative) and 0 (inclusive).

    {{ random(5) }} {# example output: 3 #}

  • A random integer between the first and the second integer parameters (inclusive).

    {{ random(50, 100) }} {# example output: 63 #}

Arguments:

  • values: The values to choose from.

  • max: The maximum value when values is an integer.

range

The range function produces a list that contains an arithmetic progression of integers.

Basic Usage:

{% for i in range(0, 3) %}
    {{ i }},
{% endfor %}

This outputs: 0, 1, 2, 3,

Specifying Steps:

When the step value is provided (as the third argument), it dictates the increment (or decrement for negative values):

{% for i in range(0, 6, 2) %}
    {{ i }},
{% endfor %}

This will produce: 0, 2, 4, 6,

Auto-Decrementing:

If the starting value is larger than the ending value, range automatically assumes a step of -1:

{% for i in range(3, 0) %}
    {{ i }},
{% endfor %}

Which results in: 3, 2, 1, 0,

Syntax Sugar with the .. Operator:

The template engine provides a handy .. operator which is essentially a shorter form for the range function. It defaults to a step of 1 (or -1 if the starting value is more than the ending value):

{% for i in 0..3 %}
    {{ i }},
{% endfor %}

Arguments:

  • low: The starting value of the sequence.

  • high: The maximum potential value of the sequence.

  • step: The difference between consecutive numbers in the sequence.

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